CSS3

Hats off to the CSS Working Group, it must have been a busy few weeks. Not only have they released several updated specifications, most notably the long awaited publication of the CSS2.1 specification as an official W3C recommendation, but also introduced a major redesign of their home page.

The release of CSS2.1 as an official recommendation also paved the way for the CSS3 Color module to advance to the recommendation stage, becoming the first CSS3 specification to be released as an official W3C Recommendation.

CSS2.1 Published as W3C Recommendation

The first working draft of the CSS2.1 specification was published almost ten years ago in August 2002, with the aim of correcting errors and improving interoperability from the original CSS2 specification (first published as a W3C recommendation in May 1998).

Work on the specification has stepped up in recent months, with a number of updated drafts released, as the working group pushed to complete the specification, a goal which was finally achieved on 7th June 2011.

Here’s an extract from the W3C press release which announced the publication:

W3C, the standards body for the suite of technologies that together provide an Open Web Platform for application development, today announced new levels of support for Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), the language for adding style to Web content. W3C released an update to the core CSS standard (2.1) to reflect the current state of support for CSS features, and to serve as the stable foundation for future extensions.

CSS has been in widespread use as an Open Web technology for more than a decade, but it took many years for implementations and the specification to converge. The collective efforts of the CSS Working Group, implementers, contributors to the CSS Test Suite, and the W3C CSS community have made interoperable CSS a reality for the Open Web. More than 9000 CSS tests have made it easier for designers to create style sheets that work across browsers, and across devices.

“This publication provides me with an opportunity to congratulate and thank the CSS Working Group, and all of the developers that have made CSS a success,” said Bert Bos, co-inventor of CSS and Editor of CSS 2.1. “This publication crowns a long effort to achieve very broad interoperability. Now we can turn our attention to the cool features we’ve been itching to bring to the Web.”

CSS interoperability plays an important role in the rapid adoption of W3C’s Open Web Platform, which also includes HTML5, SVG, WOFF, APIs for geolocation and offline storage, real-time communications, and a host of other technologies for building rich, interactive applications.

With CSS2.1 now an official recommendation, the way should be clear for several of the newer CSS3 modules to also progress to the recommendation stage. Not only will the working group have more time for the development of CSS3, but as the individual CSS3 specifications ‘build on’ the CSS2.1 specification, none have been able to move on to the recommendation stage until CSS2.1 was first released as a recommendation.

In fact it didn’t take long for the first of those modules to be released, CSS3 Color was released as a W3C recommendation the same day.

Peter Linss, co-chair of the CSS Working Group, made the following statement in the W3C press release:

Now that we have published CSS 2.1 as a Recommendation, the Working Group can focus its efforts on rapidly advancing CSS with new modules for improved layout controls, new visual effects, broader international support, and more.

You can view the full CSS2.1 specification here.

CSS3 Color Module Published as W3C Recommendation

The CSS3 Color module introduces several new, more convenient ways to specify colors and transparency for text, borders, and backgrounds, including:

• HSL Color Vaues
• HSLA Color Vaues
• RGBA Color Vaues
• Opacity

The publication of the CSS3 Color module as an official W3C recommendation on 7th June 2011 marks the end of a long development process, the module was first released as a working draft in June 1999, although not all of the original features have made it into the final specification.

You can find the full specification here.

The New CSS Working Group Home Page

The CSS Working Group’s home page has undergone a major redesign, unveiled to coincide with the publication of CSS2.1. The new design, pictured below, was the brainchild of Divya Manian (although the original design has been reworked by the W3C’s Bert Bos) and brings a much needed fresh new look to the working groups web pages while bringing the design more in line with the new look of the main W3C site, launched in March 2009.

You can read more about the redesign on the CSS Working Group blog, and you can see the new site in all it’s glory here.

Other Recent Module Updates

A number of other CSS3 modules have also been updated in the last few weeks:

• Updated Working Draft: CSS Writing Modes (31 May, 2011)
• Updated Working Draft: CSS3 Lists and Counters (24 May, 2011)
• Updated Working Draft: CSS3 Speech (19 April, 2011)